Asd phenotypegenotype associations in concordant and. Monozygotic twins n 19 were analyzed first, followed by a replication with the data for dizygotic twins n 8. Phenotypic discordance in mz twins has traditionally been ascribed to nonshared environmental factors acting after birth, however recent data indicate that this explanation is far too simple. It is well established that epigenetic states can contribute to phenotypic variation, including disease. The first case of liveborn monozygotic trisomy 18 twins was reported in 1989 and we report a second case in which striking phenotypic discordance existed. Placental weight in severely discordant twins is lower for the smaller twin in dichorionic pregnancies, and total placental weight is decreased for monochorionic discordant twins. Genome and epigenome analysis of monozygotic twins discordant. Both twins had birth weights that were appropriate for gestational age 2550 grams and 2650 grams.
Both liver fat concordant and discordant groups were equally discordant for bmi mean bmi difference 5. Among discordant twins who do not meet the adir diagnostic criteria for autism i. Monozygotic mz twins share nearly all of their genetic variants before and after birth. To date, few studies have empirically tested for epigenetic differences between mz twins discordant for. Discordant twins were tested for both differential dna methylation and methylation variability between rheumatoid arthritis and healthy twins.
Monozygotic mz twins share nearly all of their genetic variants and many similar environments before and after birth. Integrative analysis of dna methylation in discordant twins. Do mz twins have discordant experiences of friendship. In order to establish a protocol considering the definition, diagnosis, and management of growthdiscordant twin gestations, a questionnaire was sent to 96 authors of twinrelated obstetric articles. Genome and epigenome analysis of monozygotic twins. The discordant twin discotwin consortium was established for this goal. Multiple sclerosis ms is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a modest concordance rate in monozygotic twins, which strongly argues for involvement of. Blickstein skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. In twin studies, if a trait is genetic, monozygotic twins should be 100% concordant, dizygotic twins should be 50% concordantdiscordant. Samesex twin pairs accounted for 60% of all cases of birthweight discordance. Despite their singular origin, monozygotic twin pairs often display discordance for complex disorders including schizophrenia. His life pattern was compared with that of his nonpsychotic cotwin, and his early characteristics and. To estimate whether discordant growth is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in twins after adjusting for growth restriction. Gut microbiota from twins discordant read the full article.
Intrapair birthweight discordance in twins bioline international. The concordance and heritability of type 2 diabetes in. Birth weight of the smaller twin grams birth weightof the larger twin grams birth weight discordance % a difference of 18% or greater in birth weight should prompt more intensive fetal monitoring 1. Discordant growth alone is not an indication for preterm birth. The probability of monozygotic trisomy 18 twinning and the mechanisms for phenotypic discordance in trisomic twins is discussed. Results monozygotic twins discordant for als show no evidence of germline epimutation at known als genes ten individuals were included in this study. Differentially methylated sites in whole blood from twins discordant for ssc. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. This finding supports the importance of epigenetic variability as an emerging component in autoimmune disorders.
Circulating mirnome profiling in moyamoya diseasediscordant. The gradual development of paranoid schizophrenia was described in an mz male twin who later recovered completely from his illness. Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice vanessa k. We identified 14 risk factors for divergent growth that can be categorized as maternal, fetal. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first analysis of snps, cnvs, indels, and dmrs to directly observe the differences resulting from genetic and environmental factors in monozygotic twins discordant for congenital renal agenesis. Differences in frontal and limbic brain activation in a small. Is discordant growth in twins an independent risk factor. Eating behaviors in healthy young adult twin pairs. Genomewide blood dna methylation alterations at regulatory. Furthermore, the heavier cotwins reported augmented disinhibited eating, bingeeating scores and body dissatisfaction. Discordant growth in twins contributes significantly to rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Discordant twins with the smaller baby appropriate for. Discordant twins with the smaller baby appropriate for gestational age unusual manifestation of superfoetation. Growth discordant twins article about growth discordant. The suggested results are not a substitute for clinical judgment. Diagnosis, evaluation and management approximately 16% of twin gestations have discordance of at least 20%. Integrative analysis of dna methylation in discordant. This manuscript reports the results of the metaanalysis of this. Delivery decisions in discordant dcda twins with single fetal growth restriction wanyonyi zs aga khan university, nairobi, kenya objective it is not uncommon for dcda twins to have discordant growth, where one baby is severely growth restricted while the other is healthy. The definition, diagnosis, and management of growth. The mode of delivery in discordant twins remains controversial.
Discordant twin growth in dichorionic pregnancies was found to be associated with preterm birth. Discordant definition of discordant by merriamwebster. Weight discordance and perinatal mortality in twins. None of the twins had selfreported chronic rheumatic joint disease at the time of blood collection. Murray 1 jonathan mill 2 0 st andrews academic centre. First, we summarise the advantages and strengths of this design over the classical matched casecontrol study. Delivery decisions in discordant dcda twins with single. The goal of this study is to identify genomic and epigenomic differences between a pair of twins. The main aim of this study was to ascertain the performance of bw and ultrasound efw discordance in the prediction of perinatal loss in twin. Congenital heart disease chd is the leading noninfectious cause of death in infants.
Aug 26, 2008 i have former 26 weeker boygirl twins who are 17 months actual, 14 months adjusted. This analysis approach was conducted for i all twin pairs discordant for major psychosis n 22 pairs, 44 individuals, then separately for ii the sz discordant twins n 11 pairs, 22 individuals and iii the bd discordant twins n 11 pairs, 22 individuals. Epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins discordant. The weight of the placenta of the smaller fetus in severely discordant dichorionic twins with separate placentas and the total placental weight in. Schalkwyk 2 sheena owens 1 anna georgiades 1 fergus kane 1 sridevi kalidindi 1 marco picchioni 0 1 eugenia kravariti 1 timothea. On the other hand, the discordant mz and dz twins who received an autism. Twins with birth weight discordance of more than 20%, calculated from the weight of the larger twin 1. Circulating mirnome profiling demonstrated distinct 2 groups separated by mmd and healthy control. Medical history of discordant twins and environmental. Also, none of these twins was identified with a discharge ra diagnosis or other rheumatic.
Discordant twins as a tool to unravel the aetiology of. It is a common 1% and often familial disease with a discordance rate of 50% in monozygotic twins. This editorial focuses on discordant twins as a valuable epidemiological design for psychiatric aetiological research. Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus as part of the genes in myopia gem study, the authors describe a pair of monozygotic twins who. Gut microbiota from twins discordant read the full. Studies of psychotic and nonpsychotic siblings 14 and pairs of twins discordant for psychoses 59 have identified risk factors for psychoses. Schalkwyk 2 sheena owens 1 anna georgiades 1 fergus kane 1 sridevi kalidindi 1 marco picchioni 0 1 eugenia kravariti 1 timothea toulopoulou 1 robin m. Although there are multiple publications on the increased morbidity and mortality rates with discordant growth, there is a paucity of reports on how to manage them optimally and deliver them in a timely manner. An international census survey volume 40 issue 34 i. Stepwise approach to the sonographic evaluation in twin pregnancies. Using a qualitative monozygotic mz twin differences design we explored whether adolescent mz twins report discordant peer relationships and, if so, whether they perceive them as causes, consequences or correlates of discordant behaviour. University of milano, department of obstetrics and gynaecology, ospedale v. One of two identical or similar people, animals, or things.
Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus as part of the genes in myopia gem study, the authors describe a pair of monozygotic twins who presented with discordant hypermetropia. In both mz and dz bmidiscordant pairs, the heavier cotwins reported being less capable of regulating their food intake optimally than their leaner cotwins, mainly due to frequent overeating. Diseaseassociated epigenetic changes in monozygotic twins. Cerebrospinal fluid microglia and neurodegenerative markers in twins concordant and discordant for psychotic disorders, european archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2017, pp. The importance of a systematic approach to twin pregnancies. Human molecular genetics diseaseassociated epigenetic changes in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder emma l.
We conclude that ultrasound surveillance of twin gestations. Birth weight discordant twins have increased prenatal mortality and. Information and translations of discordant in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Discordant article about discordant by the free dictionary. The utility of diseasediscordant twins in epigenetic epidemiological studies of complex disease was highlighted by a recent analysis of dna methylation differences between mz twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. This limits opportunities for early intervention that could otherwise improve longterm outcomes.
Nevertheless, mz twins are sometimes discordant for common complex diseases. Currently benjamin is crawling everywhere, eating stage 2 foods very well, and reducing the amount of time he needs to sleep. Managing twins discordant for fetal anomaly rustico 2005. Monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia springerlink. Superfoetation implies fertilization and subsequent development of an ovum when a foetus is already present in the uterus. Cerebral palsy cp is a clinical description for a group of motor disorders that are heterogeneous with respect to causes, symptoms and severity. Highspecificity bioinformatics framework for epigenomic. Circulating microrna expression profiling in the mmd discordant monozygotic twins and nontwin cohorts. Cerebrospinal fluid microglia and neurodegenerative. Birth weight discordant twins have increased prenatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. We gathered freeresponse questionnaire data from 497 families and conducted indepth telephone interviews with 97 of them. Reproducibility of microbiota transplants from discordant twins we surveyed data collected from 21 to 32yearold female twin pairs n 1539 enrolled in the mis souri adolescent female twin study moafts. Although familial occurrence of mmd comprises approximately.
Zika virus was detected in only 1 twin on neonatal urine specimen. Introduction both babies share one placenta of twins in the uk have mc placentas recent increase in multiple pregnancies due to art particular challenges. The placentas were discordant for zikv pcr testing, with the positive placenta corresponding to the positive twin, and the negative placenta corresponding to the negative twin. My daughter has always been a lot smaller than my son shes now almost 18 pounds and hes 23 pounds. Approximately 16% of twin gestations have discordance of at least 20%. Wholeexome sequencing in nine monozygotic discordant twins article pdf available in twin research and human genetics 1901. Studying twins discordant for cp allows genetic and environmental components to be partitioned from each other and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the importance of nonshared environmental factors such as umbilical cord or placental function during early development in isolation. Discordant zika virus findings in twin pregnancies. These rates vary according to chorionicity, timing of onset and severity. We recruited a pair of mmddiscordant monozygotic twins with familial occurrence of mmd as shown in fig.
Discordant growth in twins obstetrics and gynecology wiley. The control group consisted of 27 nondiscordant twins. My son was born at 2 lbs and my daughter at 1 lb 7 oz. Is discordant growth in twins an independent risk factor for. In 15 pairs, both twins were males, and 12 were discordant for psychosis. First, cases of monozygotic twins discordant for congenital renal agenesis are very rare. Then, we draw attention to the use of this method in bipolar disorder, revising previous discordanttwin studies. Discordancy is defined as a difference of 15% or more in the.
Twentyseven 27,3% of 99 twin pairs born in our clinic had a birth weight difference of more than 20%. Countrymen, butchers, drovers, hawkers, boys, thieves, idlers, and vagabonds of every low grade, were mingled together in a mass. However, they can also show phenotypic discordance for a wide range of traits. This high discordance is often explained by the role of yet unknown environmental, random, and epigenetic factors. The study of mz twins discordant for schizophrenia can shed light on important experiential factors in the development of at least some cases of schizophrenia. Premorbid functioning in a national population of male twins. It is clear that diagnosis of discordant growth has improved due to the use of serial ultrasound. Discordant twins may be at increased risk for retinopathy of prematurity rop because of factors related to their unequal growth. To obtain the numbers of pairs, especially monozygotic mz twin pairs, necessary for indepth studies while also allowing for replication, twin studies worldwide need to pool their resources. In seven pairs both twins were females, and all were discordant for psychosis. We performed genomewide dna methylation analysis in whole blood from 27 twin pairs discordant for ssc table 1. Twin gestations when compared to singletons are associated with higher perinatal morbidity and mortality. Eleni tzachrista, md, jose sierra, md, philippe jeanty, md, phd. Among monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia, the twins with the illness tend to perform worse than the unaffected twins on most cognitive and personality measures 59.
Premorbid functioning in a national population of male. The goal of this study is to identify genomic and epigenomic differences between a pair of twins discordant for a form of congenital heart. Wholeexome sequencing in nine monozygotic discordant twins. This was a retrospective, hospitalbased cohort study of twin gestations with 2 live births delivered at 24 weeks or later from 1992 to 2001. His life pattern was compared with that of his nonpsychotic co. Differences in frontal and limbic brain activation in a. Oct 25, 2014 aneuploidy screening 1st trimester screen. Detailed neurological assessment using the new ballard scoring 1, was done on the second day. The definition, diagnosis, and management of growth discordant twins. Dna methylation signatures of monozygotic twins clinically. In this study of a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for congenital renal agenesis, the genomic profile was analyzed from a set of blood samples using highthroughput exomecapture sequencing to detect singlenucleotide polymorphisms snps, copy number variations cnvs, and insertions and deletions indels. Genomewide dna methylation was assessed in 79 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for rheumatoid arthritis using the humanmethylation450 beadchip array illumina. Morbidity and mortality of discordant twins up to 34 weeks of.
Find out information about growth discordant twins. Increased dna methylation variability in rheumatoid arthritis. Growth discordant twins definition of growth discordant. For the replication with bisulfite pyrosequencing see the statistical analysis for validation section in the methods an additional six healthy mz twin pairs discordant for acpa and six mz twin pairs discordant for. Marked vascular communication between separated dichorionic diamniotic placentas article pdf available in twin research 64.
Acpapositive healthy discordant twins tested positive for acpa high concentration, 75 auml while their sibling tested negative for acpa. For discordant twins, 3 studies of 6008 total pregnancies have implicated discordance as a factor for adverse perinatal outcome. Growth discordance in multiple pregnancies due to placental insufficiency, twin to twin transfusion or aneuploidy need to be differentiated from superfoetation. Pdf wholeexome sequencing in nine monozygotic discordant twins. In addition, another pair of discordant fraternal twins was described. Jan 19, 2007 the first of the twins twin a weighed 980 grams and the next baby twin b weighed 2160 grams. Cerebrospinal fluid microglia and neurodegenerative markers.
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